What it means
Insulin moves glucose from the blood into the body’s cells. In insulin resistance the cells respond less well, so the pancreas makes more insulin to keep sugar normal. Over time it may not keep up, and blood sugar rises.
Signs it may be present
- Weight gain around the waist
- Dark, velvety skin on the neck or in the armpits (acanthosis nigricans) and skin tags
- Irregular periods or PCOS
- Fatty liver
- High triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol or high blood pressure
- A family history of type 2 diabetes
South Asians tend to develop insulin resistance at a lower body weight than many other populations.
How it is assessed
There is no single reliable routine test. Fasting insulin and calculated scores are sometimes used, but they are not standardised. Doctors usually look at waist size, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose or HbA1c, and liver tests together.
What helps
- Losing 5% to 10% of body weight if you are overweight
- Regular activity; muscle-strengthening exercise improves insulin sensitivity
- Fewer refined carbohydrates and sugary drinks, more fibre and protein
- Enough sleep
- Medicines in selected people, decided with your doctor
When to see a specialist
Consider an opinion if you have several of these signs, prediabetes, PCOS or fatty liver.
This guide is general information and is not a substitute for a consultation.