Which type?
Most children with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common in teenagers with excess weight.
Early warning signs
- Unusual thirst and passing a lot of urine
- New bedwetting in a child who was dry
- Weight loss despite eating well
- Tiredness and irritability
- Blurred vision, or repeated infections or thrush
If you notice these, ask for a finger-prick glucose test the same day.
Emergency signs (DKA)
Vomiting, tummy pain, fast or deep breathing, a fruity smell on the breath, drowsiness or confusion can mean diabetic ketoacidosis. Go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
After diagnosis
- Insulin by injection or pump, with dose adjustment for food and activity
- Glucose monitoring, often with a sensor (CGM)
- A plan for low sugars, including at school
- Regular checks for thyroid and coeliac disease, and later for eyes and kidneys
- Support for the child and family; living with diabetes is a team effort
Many children have a short phase after diagnosis when they need less insulin. Insulin should still not be stopped.
When to see a specialist
Any child with these symptoms should be seen the same day. Children with diabetes do best with regular review by a diabetes team experienced in caring for children.
This guide is general information and is not a substitute for a consultation.
Related guides
Endocrine care for children at the clinic All patient guides